PFUPISO YEVAKURU
Makambani ezvekudya nhasi akafanana nemamwe mabhizinesi ekugadzira chikafu kwete kungotarisa kuvimbika uye mhando yemidziyo yekugadzira chikafu asiwo pamasevhisi akasiyana-siyana ayo mutengesi wemidziyo yekugadzira chikafu anogona kupa. Kunze kwenzira dzekugadzira dzatinogadzira dzinoshanda, tinogona kuva mubatsiri kubva padanho rekutanga kana purojekiti kusvika padanho rekupedzisira rekupa basa, tisingakanganwi basa rakakosha mushure memusika.
Shiputec ine ruzivo rwemakore anopfuura makumi maviri muindasitiri yekugadzira chikafu nekurongedza.
Nhanganyaya kuTekinoroji Yedu
CHIRATIDZO NEKUZVIPIRA
Shiputec inogadzira, inogadzira uye inotengesa mhinduro dzeinjiniya uye otomatiki kumaindasitiri emukaka, chikafu, zvinwiwa, zvemugungwa, mishonga uye zvekuchengetedza munhu kuburikidza nemabasa ayo epasi rose.
Takazvipira kubatsira vatengi vedu pasi rese kuti vavandudze mashandiro uye purofiti yefekitori yavo yekugadzira uye maitiro avo. Tinoita izvi nekupa zvigadzirwa zvakasiyana-siyana uye mhinduro kubva kuzvinhu zvakagadzirwa neinjiniya kusvika pakugadzira fekitori dzakakwana dzinotsigirwa nehunyanzvi hwekushandisa nekugadzira hunhu hunotungamira pasi rose.
Tinoramba tichibatsira vatengi vedu kuti vawedzere kushanda zvakanaka uye purofiti yefekitori yavo muhupenyu hwavo hwese hwekushanda nerutsigiro rwakagadzirirwa zvavanoda kuburikidza netiweki yebasa revatengi rakabatana uye nzvimbo dzekuchengetedza.
KUTARISIRA KWEVATENGI
Shiputec inogadzira, inogadzira uye inoisa mitsetse yemazuva ano, inoshanda uye yakavimbika yekugadzira chikafu. Pakugadzira zvigadzirwa zvemafuta zvakaita semargarine, bota, spreads uye shortenings, Shiputec inopa mhinduro dzinosanganisirawo mitsetse yekugadzirwa kwezvigadzirwa zvekudya zvakasanganiswa zvakaita semayonnaise, masosi uye madressing.
Kugadzirwa kweMargarine
Margarine nezvimwe zvigadzirwa zvine chikamu chemvura nechikamu chemafuta saka zvinogona kutsanangurwa semvura-mu-mafuta (W/O) emulsions umo chikamu chemvura chinoparadzirwa zvakanaka semadonhwe muchikamu chemafuta chinoenderera mberi. Zvichienderana nekushandiswa kwechigadzirwa, kuumbwa kwechikamu chemafuta uye maitiro ekugadzira zvinosarudzwa zvinoenderana.
Kunze kwemidziyo yekugadzira makristaro, nzvimbo yekugadzira yemazuva ano yemajarini nezvimwe zvigadzirwa zvine chekuita nayo inowanzo sanganisira matangi akasiyana-siyana ekuchengetera mafuta pamwe ne emulsifier, mvura uye emulsion; saizi nehuwandu hwematangi zvinoverengerwa zvichienderana nekugona kwemiti nezvigadzirwa. Nzvimbo iyi inosanganisirawo pasteurization unit nenzvimbo yekunyungudutsa. Saka, maitiro ekugadzira anogona kukamurwa kuita ma sub-process anotevera (ona dhayagiramu 1):
Kugadzirira kwechikamu chemvura nechikamu chemafuta (Zone 1)
Mvura inogadzirwa mutangi remvura inowanzogadzirwa zvichienderana nehuwandu hwemvura. Mvura inofanira kunge iri yemhando yepamusoro yekunwa. Kana mvura yekunwa yakanaka isingavimbiswe, mvura inogona kucheneswa pachine nguva uchishandisa UV kana firita system.
Kunze kwemvura, chikamu chemvura chinogona kunge chiine munyu kana brine, mapuroteni emukaka (table margarine uye mafuta mashoma), shuga (puff pastry), zvinosimbisa (mafuta mashoma uye mafuta mashoma), zvinochengetedza uye zvinonaka zvinonyungudika mumvura.
Zvinhu zvikuru zvinoshandiswa muchikamu chemafuta, musanganiswa wemafuta, zvinowanzova nemusanganiswa wemafuta akasiyana-siyana nemafuta. Kuti margarine ive nehunhu hwaunoda uye mashandiro ayo, chiyero chemafuta nemafuta mumusanganiswa wemafuta ndicho chinonyanya kukosha pakushanda kwechigadzirwa chekupedzisira.
Mafuta akasiyana-siyana nemafuta, angave ari mafuta akasanganiswa kana mafuta ega ega, anochengetwa mumatangi ekuchengetera mafuta anowanzoiswa kunze kwenzvimbo yekugadzira. Aya anochengetwa patembiricha yakagadzikana pamusoro penzvimbo yekunyunguduka kwemafuta uye ari pasi pekuzungunuswa kuitira kudzivirira kupatsanurwa kwemafuta uye kuti zvive nyore kubata.
Kunze kwekusanganiswa kwemafuta, chikamu chemafuta chinowanzo kuve nezvinhu zvidiki zvinonyungudika mumafuta zvakaita se emulsifier, lecithin, flavour, color uye antioxidants. Izvi zvinhu zvidiki zvinonyungudika muchikamu chemafuta chisati chawedzerwa chikamu chemvura, saka usati waisa emulsification.
KUGADZIRA EMULSION (NZVIMBO 2)
Dhayagiramu 1:
1. Kugadzirira chikamu chemvura nechikamu chemafuta (nzvimbo 1),
2. Kugadzirira emulsion (nzvimbo yechipiri),
3. Kucheneswa kwezvipfuyo (nzvimbo yechitatu),
4. Nzvimbo inotonhorera, inosimbisa uye inokanyira (nzvimbo 4),
5. Kurongedza nekunyungudutsazve (nzvimbo 5)
Emulsion inogadzirwa nekutamisa mafuta akasiyana-siyana uye mafuta kana mafuta akabatanidzwa mutangi re emulsion. Kazhinji, mafuta akawanda anonyunguduka kana mafuta akabatanidzwa anotanga awedzerwa oteverwa nemafuta mashoma anonyunguduka nemafuta emvura. Kuti kupedziswe kugadzirira chikamu chemafuta, emulsifier nezvimwe zvinhu zvidiki zvinonyunguduka mumafuta zvinowedzerwa kumusanganiswa wemafuta. Kana zvese zvinoshandiswa zvechikamu chemafuta zvasanganiswa zvakanaka, chikamu chemvura chinowedzerwa uye emulsion inogadzirwa nekusanganiswa kwakasimba asi kwakadzorwa.
Masisitimu akasiyana anogona kushandiswa kuyera zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zve emulsion izvo zviviri zviri kushanda zvichienderana neboka:
- Sisitimu yemita yekuyerera
- Sisitimu yetangi yekuyera
Sisitimu ye emulsification inoenderera mberi haisi mhinduro inonyanya kufarirwa asi inoshandiswa semuenzaniso mumitsetse ine simba rakawanda uko nzvimbo shoma yematangi e emulsion iripo. Sisitimu iyi iri kushandisa mapombi edosing uye mass flow meter kudzora chiyero chezvikamu zvakawedzerwa mutangi diki re emulsion.
Masisitimu ataurwa pamusoro apa anogona kudzorwa otomatiki. Zvisinei, mimwe miti yekare ichiri nemasisitimu ekugadzira emulsion anodzorwa nemaoko asi aya anoda basa guru uye haakurudzirwi kuisa nhasi nekuda kwemitemo yakasimba yekutevedza.
Sisitimu ye flow meter yakavakirwa pakugadzirira emulsion ne batch-wise umo zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana nezvinhu zvinoyerwa nema flow meter ehukuru kana zvatamiswa kubva kumatangi ekugadzirira echikamu chakasiyana kuenda ku emulsion tank. Kururama kwesisitimu iyi ndiko +/-0.3%. Sisitimu iyi inoratidzwa nekusagona kwayo kukanganiswa nekunze kwakaita sekuzunguzika netsvina.
Sisitimu yetangi yekuyera yakaita sesystem ye flow meter yakavakirwa pakugadzirira emulsion ne batch-wise. Pano huwandu hwezvinhu zvinoshandiswa uye zvikamu zvinowedzerwa zvakananga kutangi re emulsion iro rinoiswa pama load cells anodzora huwandu hunowedzerwa kutangi.
Kazhinji, sisitimu yematangi maviri inoshandiswa kugadzirira emulsion kuitira kuti ikwanise kumhanyisa tambo yekristaro nguva dzose. Tangi rega rega rinoshanda setangi rekugadzirira uye rekuchengetedza (tangi reemulsion), saka tambo yekristaro ichapihwa kubva kune rimwe tangi ukuwo batch itsva ichigadzirwa mune rimwe uye zvinopesana. Izvi zvinonzi system yeflip-flop.
Mhinduro apo emulsion inogadzirwa mutangi rimwe chete uye kana yagadzirwa inotamisirwa mutangi rebuffer kubva kwainopihwa mutsetse wekristaro isarudzo zvakare. Sisitimu iyi inonzi premix/buffer system.
KUCHENGETEDZA ZVINHU (NZVIMBO 3)
Kubva mutangi rebuffer, emulsion inowanzo pombiwa nguva dzose kuburikidza neplate heat exchanger (PHE) kana low pressure scraped surface heat exchanger (SSHE), kana high pressure SSHE yekuisa pasteurization isati yapinda mumutsara wekristaro.
Pazvigadzirwa zvine mafuta akazara, PHE ndiyo inowanzo shandiswa. Pamhando dzine mafuta mashoma apo emulsion inotarisirwa kuratidza viscosity yakakwira uye pa emulsions dzinonzwa kupisa (semuenzaniso emulsions dzine mapuroteni akawanda) system yeSPX semhinduro ine pressure yakaderera kana SPX-PLUS semhinduro ine pressure yakakwira inokurudzirwa.
Maitiro ekuisa pasteurization ane zvakanakira zvakawanda. Anovimbisa kudzivirira kukura kwebhakitiriya uye kukura kwezvimwe zvipembenene, nokudaro achivandudza kugadzikana kwe emulsion. Kuisa pasteurization yechikamu chemvura chete mukana, asi kuisa pasteurization ye emulsion yakazara kunosarudzwa sezvo maitiro ekuisa pasteurization ye emulsion achideredza nguva yekugara kubva pakugadzirwa kwakaiswa pasteur kusvika pakuzadza kana kurongedza chigadzirwa chekupedzisira. Zvakare, chigadzirwa chinorapwa nenzira iri mumutsara kubva pakuisa pasteurization kusvika pakuzadza kana kurongedza chigadzirwa chekupedzisira uye kuisa pasteurization yechinhu chipi nechipi chekugadzirisa kunovimbiswa kana emulsion yakazara yakaiswa pasteur.
Pamusoro pezvo, kupiswa kwe emulsion yakakwana kunoita kuti emulsion iendeswe kumutsara we crystallization patembiricha yakaenzana, zvichiita kuti pave nematanho ekugadzirisa anowirirana, tembiricha yechigadzirwa uye magadzirirwo echigadzirwa. Pamusoro pezvo, kuitika kwe emulsion yakacheneswa isati yagadzirwa inoendeswa kumidziyo ye crystallization kunodzivirirwa kana emulsion yacho yanyatsopiswa uye yakapihwa pombi ye pressure yakakwira patembiricha ye 5-10°C yakakwira kupfuura poindi yekunyunguduka kwechikamu chemafuta.
Maitiro akajairika ekugadzirisa ganda mushure mekugadzirira emulsion pa45-55°C anosanganisira kupisa nekubata emulsion pa75-85°C kwemasekonzi 16. uye mushure mezvo maitiro ekutonhodza kusvika patembiricha ye45-55°C. Tembiricha yekupedzisira inoenderana nepokunyunguduka kwechikamu chemafuta: pokunyunguduka pakakwirira, ndipo panowedzera tembiricha.
KUTONHORA, KUKANYA ZVINHU ZVAKAKWANA UYE KUKANYA (ZVAKAWANDA 4)
Emulsion inopombwa kusvika pamutsetse wekristaro uchishandisa pombi yepiston ine pressure yakakwira (HPP). Mutsetse wekristaro wekugadzira margarine nezvimwe zvigadzirwa zvine chekuita nawo unowanzo kuve neSSHE ine pressure yakakwira inotonhodzwa neammonia kana Freon type cooling media. Michina yepin rotor uye/kana macrystallizer epakati anowanzo batanidzwa mumutsetse uyu kuitira kuwedzera kukanya uye nguva yekugadzira zvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki. Chubhu yekuzororera ndiyo danho rekupedzisira remutsetse wekristaro uye inongobatanidzwa chete kana chigadzirwa chacho chakarongedzwa.
Chinonyanya kukosha pamutsara wekristaro iSSHE ine simba guru, iyo emulsion inodziya inotonhodzwa zvakanyanya uye inokweshwa pamusoro pechubhu inotonhorera. Emulsion inokweshwa zvinobudirira nezvinokweshwa zvinotenderera, saka emulsion inotonhodzwa uye inokandwa panguva imwe chete. Kana mafuta ari mu emulsion akasimba, makristaro emafuta anoumba network ine mativi matatu inosunga madonhwe emvura nemafuta emvura, zvichikonzera zvigadzirwa zvine hunhu hwepurasitiki hwakaita semi-solid.
Zvichienderana nerudzi rwechigadzirwa chichagadzirwa uye rudzi rwemafuta anoshandiswa pachigadzirwa ichocho, magadzirirwo emutsara wekristaro (kureva kurongeka kwemachubhu anotonhorera uye michina yepin rotor) anogona kugadziriswa kuti ape magadzirirwo akakodzera echigadzirwa chacho.
Sezvo mutsetse wekristaro uchiwanzogadzira zvigadzirwa zvemafuta zvinopfuura chimwe chete, SSHE inowanzo kuve nezvikamu zviviri kana kupfuura zvekutonhodza kana machubhu ekutonhodza kuitira kuti isangane nezvinodiwa zvemutsetse wekristaro unochinjika. Pakugadzira zvigadzirwa zvakasiyana zvemafuta akachinjika zvemisanganiswa yakasiyana-siyana yemafuta, kuchinjika kunodiwa sezvo hunhu hwekristaro hwemisanganiswa hunogona kusiyana kubva pamusanganiswa mumwe kuenda kune mumwe.
Maitiro ekugadzira makristaro, mamiriro ekugadzira, uye maparamita ekugadzira zvine simba guru pahunhu hwezvigadzirwa zvekupedzisira zvemargarine ne spread. Pakugadzira mutsetse wekugadzira makristaro, zvakakosha kuziva hunhu hwezvigadzirwa zvakarongerwa kugadzirwa pamutsetse. Kuti mari yekudyara ivepo mune ramangwana, kuchinjika kwemutsetse pamwe chete nemaparamita ekugadzirisa anodzorwa ega ega zvinodiwa, sezvo mhando yezvigadzirwa zvinofarirwa inogona kuchinja nekufamba kwenguva pamwe nezvinhu zvakagadziriswa.
Kugona kwetambo kunoenderana nenzvimbo inotonhorera inowanikwa neSSHE. Michina yakasiyana-siyana inowanikwa kubva pamitsetse yakaderera kusvika kune yakakura. Uyewo madhigirii akasiyana-siyana ekuchinjika anowanikwa kubva kumidziyo yechubhu imwe chete kusvika kumitsetse yakawanda yechubhu, nokudaro mitsetse yekugadzirisa inochinjika zvikuru.
Mushure mekunge chigadzirwa chatonhodzwa muSSHE, chinopinda mumuchina wepin rotor uye/kana muzvigadziko zvepakati umo chinokandwa kwenguva yakati uye nesimba rakati kuti chibatsire kusimudzirwa kwenetwork yemativi matatu, iyo iri padanho remacroscopic ine chimiro chepurasitiki. Kana chigadzirwa chacho chakagadzirirwa kugoverwa sechigadzirwa chakaputirwa, chinozopinda muSSHE zvakare chisati chagara muchubhu yekuzororera chisati chaputirwa. Kana chigadzirwa chikazadzwa mumakapu, hapana chubhu yekuzororera inosanganisirwa mumutsara wekristaro.
Kurongedza, Kuzadza uye Kubvisa Zvinhu (Nzvimbo 5)
Michina yakasiyana-siyana yekurongedza nekuzadza inowanikwa pamusika uye haizotsanangurwi munyaya ino. Zvisinei, kuenderana kwechigadzirwa kwakasiyana zvikuru kana chakagadzirwa kuti chirongedzwe kana kuzadzwa. Zviri pachena kuti chigadzirwa chakarongedzwa chinofanira kuratidza kusimba kupfuura chigadzirwa chakazara uye kana kusimba uku kusina kunaka, chigadzirwa chichaendeswa kune system yekunyungudutsa, chonyungudutswa uye chowedzerwa mutangi rebuffer kuti chigadziriswezve. Kune masisitimu akasiyana ekunyungudutsa asi masisitimu anoshandiswa zvakanyanya ndeePHE kana low pressure SSHE.
KUSHANDISA OTOMATOMIO
Margarine, sezvimwe zvigadzirwa zvekudya, iri mumafekitori mazhinji nhasi anogadzirwa pasi pemaitiro akaomarara ekutevera. Maitiro aya anowanzo sanganisira zvinoshandiswa, kugadzirwa uye chigadzirwa chekupedzisira haagumiri pakuva nekuchengetedzwa kwechikafu kwakawedzerwa asiwo mukuva nehunhu hwechikafu hunogara huripo. Zvinodiwa zvekutevera zvinogona kuitwa muhurongwa hwekutonga hwefekitori uye Shiputec control system yakagadzirirwa kudzora, kunyora uye kunyora mamiriro ezvinhu akakosha uye parameters maererano nemaitiro ese ekugadzira.
Sisitimu yekudzora iyi ine dziviriro yepassword uye ine nhoroondo yekunyora data rezvese zvinobatanidzwa mumutsara wekugadzirisa margarine kubva paruzivo rwemaresipi kusvika pakuongorora kwekupedzisira kwechigadzirwa. Kunyora data kunosanganisira kugona uye kubuda kwepombi ine pressure yakakwira (l/awa uye back pressure), tembiricha yechigadzirwa (kusanganisira pasteurization process) panguva yekugadzirwa kwekristaro, tembiricha yekutonhodza (kana kutonhora kwemedia pressures) yeSSHE, kumhanya kweSSHE ne pin rotor michina pamwe chete nemota dzakawanda dzinoshandisa pombi ine pressure yakakwira, SSHE ne pin rotor michina.
Sisitimu yekudzora
Munguva yekugadzirisa, maaramu anotumirwa kumushandisi kana maparamita ekugadzirisa echigadzirwa chaicho asina miganhu; aya akaiswa mugadziri weresipi usati wagadzirwa. Maaramu aya anofanira kuziviswa nemaoko uye matanho anofanirwa kutorwa zvichienderana nemaitiro anofanirwa kutorwa. Maaramu ese anochengetwa muhurongwa hwekare hwearamu kuti aonekwe gare gare. Kana chigadzirwa chikasiya mutsetse wekugadzira chiri muchimiro chakakodzera kana chakazadzwa, hachisi zita rechigadzirwa rinowanzo nyorwa nezuva, nguva uye nhamba yekuzivikanwa kwebhechi kuti itevedzwe gare gare. Nhoroondo yakazara yematanho ese ekugadzira anobatanidzwa mukugadzirwa kwechinhu inochengetedzwa kuchengetedzeka kwemugadziri nemushandisi wekupedzisira, mutengi.
CIP
Mafekitori ekuchenesa eCIP (CIP = kuchenesa kuripo) zvakare chikamu chenzvimbo yemazuva ano yemajarini sezvo mafekitori ekugadzira majarini achifanira kucheneswa nguva nenguva. Kune zvigadzirwa zvemajarini zvechinyakare kamwe chete pasvondo inguva yakajairika yekuchenesa. Zvisinei, kune zvigadzirwa zvinokurumidza kuoma senge mafuta mashoma (mvura yakawanda) uye/kana zvigadzirwa zvine mapuroteni akawanda, nguva pfupi pakati peCIP inokurudzirwa.
Panyaya iyi, masisitimu maviri eCIP anoshandiswa: maCIP plants anoshandisa cleaning media kamwe chete kana maCIP plants anokurudzirwa anoshanda achishandisa buffer solution ye cleaning media apo maCIP akadai se lye, acid uye/kana ma disinfectants anodzoserwa kumatangi ekuchengetera CIP mushure mekushandisa. Maitiro ekupedzisira aya anodiwa nekuti anomiririra mhinduro isingakuvadzi nharaunda uye imhinduro inodhura mari kana tichitarisa kushandiswa kwe cleansing agents uye nekudaro mutengo weizvi.
Kana mitsetse yakawanda yekugadzira yakaiswa mufekitori imwe chete, zvinokwanisika kuisa nzira dzekuchenesa dzakafanana kana masisitimu eCIP satellite. Izvi zvinoguma nekudzikira kukuru kwenguva yekuchenesa uye kushandiswa kwesimba. Maparamita eCIP process anodzorwa otomatiki uye anonyorwa kuti aonekwe gare gare musystem yekudzora.
ZVIREVO ZVEKUPEDZISIRA
Pakugadzira margarine nezvimwe zvigadzirwa zvine chekuita nayo, zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti hazvisi zvinhu zvakaita semafuta nemafuta zvinoshandiswa kana mabikirwo echigadzirwa zvinosarudza mhando yechigadzirwa chekupedzisira asiwo magadzirirwo echirimwa, magadzirirwo echigadzirwa uye mamiriro echirimwa. Kana mutsetse kana michina zvisina kuchengetwa zvakanaka, pane njodzi yekuti mutsetse wacho haushande zvakanaka. Saka, kuti ugadzire zvigadzirwa zvemhando yepamusoro, chirimwa chinoshanda zvakanaka chinofanira kushandiswa asi kusarudza musanganiswa wemafuta ane hunhu hunoenderana nekushandiswa kwekupedzisira kwechigadzirwa kwakakoshawo pamwe nekugadzirwa kwakakodzera uye sarudzo yemagadzirirwo echirimwa. Chekupedzisira asi chisiri chidiki chigadzirwa chekupedzisira chinofanira kugadziriswa tembiricha zvichienderana nekushandiswa kwekupedzisira.
Nguva yekutumira: Ndira-21-2026