Chii chinonzi ammonia refrigeration system?

Chii chinonzi ammonia refrigeration system?

Sisitimu yekutonhodza yeammonia isystem yekutonhodza yeindasitiri inoshandisa ammonia (NH₃) semuchina wekutonhodza. Inoshandisa musimboti wekuti ammonia inonwisa kupisa kwakawanda panguva yekubuda kwemvura kuti itonhodze maitiro ekugadzira maindasitiri anoda tembiricha yakaderera (senge kuomesa chikafu, kuomesa, kugadzira makemikari, nzvimbo dzemitambo yechando, nezvimwewo).

Nekuda kwekushanda kwayo kwepamusoro-soro, hunhu hwayo hwehupfumi uye chokwadi chekuti haikuvadzi ozone layer (ODP = 0), ammonia ndiyo inonyanya kufarirwa mufiriji munzvimbo dzefiriji huru dzemaindasitiri nedzemabhizinesi.

Nheyo yekushanda kwepakati (kutenderera kwekudziya kwefriji kwechikamu chimwe chete)

Kushanda kwegadziriro yekutonhodza ammonia kunotevera kutenderera kwekutonhora kwekumanikidzwa kwevapor, uko kunonyanya kuve nemaitiro mana:

Kudzvanya: Utsi hweammonia pakupisa kwakaderera uye kudzvanya kwakaderera hunodhonzwa necompressor uye hunodzvanywa, huchishanduka kuita utsi hwakanyanya kupisa pakupisa kwakakwirira uye kudzvanya kwakakwirira.

Kunyungudika: Utsi hweAmmonia pakupisa kwakanyanya uye kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya hunopinda mu condenser, uko hunotonhodzwa nemvura kana mhepo inotonhodza, zvichiburitsa kupisa uye kunyungudika kuita ammonia liquid ine kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya, inodziya zvakajairwa.

Kupinza: Mvura ine ammonia inodzvinyirira zvakanyanya inopfuura nemuvharuvhu inopinza (senge vharuvhu yekuwedzera), uye kudzvanywa kunoderera zvakanyanya. Imwe yemvura inopwanyika, ichishanduka kuita musanganiswa weutsi nemvura ine kudziya kwakaderera uye ine kumanikidzwa kwakaderera.

Kubuda kwemvura: Ammonia inodziya zvishoma inopinda mu evaporator (senge feni inotonhodza kana heat exchanger), inotora kupisa kubva munzvimbo inotonhorera (nzvimbo inotonhorera), uye inobuda zvachose mu evaporator ine tembiricha yakaderera uye ine kumanikidzwa kwakaderera. Utsi uhwu hunozodzorerwa necompressor uye hunopedzisa kutenderera.

Kuenzanisa kuri nyore: Sezvinoita muviri wemunhu unodikitira kuti utonhore, kana ziya (ammonia solution) rapera, rinotora kupisa kubva paganda (chikamu chinotonhorera), zvichiita kuti ganda rinzwe richitonhorera.

Zvikamu Zvikuru

Compressor: "Moyo" wesystem. Mhando dzakajairika dzinosanganisira piston, screw, uye centrifugal. Ma screw compressors ndiwo anonyanya kushandiswa mumasystem emazuva ano epakati nehukuru hukuru nekuda kwekushanda kwawo kwakanyanya uye kugadzirisa kugona kwawo kunochinjika.

Kondensa: "Chinochinja kupisa" chemuchina. Chinobvisa kupisa kubva mugasi reammonia rakamanikidzwa. Chakakamurwa kuva mhando inotonhorerwa nemvura (inoshanda zvakanyanya, inoda shongwe yekutonhodza) uye mhando inotonhorera inobuda (inochengetedza mvura, inoshandiswa zvakanyanya).

Mudziyo weThrottle: wakaita sevharuvhu yekutambanudza, vharuvhu inoyangarara. Inodzora mwero wekuyerera uye kumanikidzwa kwemvura yeammonia inopinda mu evaporator.

Evaporator: "Mugumo unobuda unotonhora" wesystem. Kana yaiswa munzvimbo inotonhorera kana yekugadzirisa, ammonia inopwanyika uye inotora kupisa kuri mukati mayo. Mhando dzakajairika dzinosanganisira ma air coolers (ane forced convection) uye ma coil pipes (ane natural convection).

Tangi rekuchengetera mvura: Rinochengetedza mvura yeammonia mushure mekunyorova, richienzanisa kuwanikwa uye kudiwa kwemuchina.

Muchina wekuparadzanisa mafuta nemuunganidzi wemafuta: Bvisa uye tora mafuta ekuzora anogadzirwa necompressor exhaust, zvichiita kuti system ishande zvakanaka.

Gas-liquid separator: Inodzivirira compressor nekudzivirira ammonia liquid isina kupiswa kuti isapinde uye inokonzera "kukanganiswa kwemvura".

Sisitimu yekudzora: "Uropi" hwemasisitimu emazuva ano. Inosanganisira maPLC, masensa, ma actuator, nezvimwewo, uye ine basa rekuita kuti pave nekudzora otomatiki, dziviriro yekuchengetedzwa, uye kutonga simba.

Mhando huru dzemasisitimu

Sisitimu yekuwedzera zvakananga: Ammonia inobviswa zvakananga mu evaporator kuti itonhore. Inoshanda zvakanyanya, asi inoda kuvharwa kwepombi zvakanyanya, uye kushandiswa kwayo kwaderera.

Sisitimu yekutonhodza isina kunanga:

Ammonia/saline water system: Ammonia inotanga yatonhodza mvura yesaline (yakadai se calcium chloride solution), uye mvura yesaline ine tembiricha yakaderera inotumirwa kunzvimbo imwe neimwe yekutonhodza nepombi. Daro rekuchengetedza riri kure, asi kushanda nesimba kwakaderera.

Amonia/Carbon Dioxide Cascade System: Iyo Yazvino Inonyanya Kushandiswa uye Inofamba Nemafashoni. Amonia inoshanda padanho rekupisa kwakanyanya mudenderedzwa, ichideredza carbon dioxide; carbon dioxide inoshanda padanho rekupisa kwakaderera ichipera kuti itonhore. Zvichibatanidza kushanda kwakanyanya kweammonia uye kuchengetedzeka kwecarbon dioxide (isina chepfu pakupisa kwakaderera uye kumanikidzwa kuri pakati nepakati), ndiyo mhinduro inosarudzwa yezvirimwa zvikuru zvinotonhodza uye zvinoomesa.

Sisitimu yekugovera mvura ine simba regiravhiti: Inopa mvura kune evaporator nekushandisa kumanikidzwa kwakasimba kwechikamu chemvura. Yakasimba uye yakavimbika, asi inoda jekiseni reammonia rakawanda, uye inowanzoonekwa mumasisitimu ekare.

Sisitimu yekugovera pombi yemvura: Pombi iyi inoshandiswa kuendesa mvura yeammonia ine simba shoma kuevaporator. Inoshanda zvakanyanya pakuchinjana kwekupisa uye ine mvura yakafanana, uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya.

Kuratidza zvakanakira

Kushanda nesimba zvakanyanya uye kuchengetedza simba: Kukosha kwekupisa kweammonia kwakakwira, uye inoshandisa magetsi mashoma payuniti imwe neimwe yekukwanisa kutonhora, zvichikonzera mitengo yakaderera yekushanda.

Kudzivirirwa kwezvakatipoteredza: ODP = 0, GWP = 0 (Global Warming Potential), ifiriji inochengetedza zvakatipoteredza nenzira yechisikigo.

Zvehupfumi: Mutengo wakaderera, zviri nyore kuwana.

Kushanda zvakanaka kwazvo pakuchinjisa kupisa: Kushanda zvakanaka pakuchinjisa kupisa nemadziro epombi yesimbi.

Kuona zviri nyore kubuda kwemvura: Ine hwema hwakasimba hunorwadza, uye kunyange huwandu hushoma hwekubuda kwemvura hunogona kuonekwa.

Matambudziko nepfungwa dzekuchengetedza (zvakakosha zvikuru!)

Amoniya ine chepfu (Kirasi 2) uye inobvira (Kirasi B2L), saka kuchengetedzeka ndiyo musimboti mukuru mukugadzira, kuisa, uye kushanda.

Kukuvadzwa: Kubuda kwemvura kunogona kukonzera kukuvara kwakanyanya mumaziso evanhu nemuviri wavo wekufema. Kuwanda kwayo kunogona kuuraya.

Kubvira: Kana huwandu hwemhepo hwasvika 15% kusvika 28%, hunogona kuputika kana hwasangana nemurazvo.

Matanho ekuchengetedza:

Kupatsanura kamuri remakombiyuta: Midziyo mikuru yakaita semacompressor nematangi ekuchengetera mvura inofanira kuiswa mukamuri remakombiyuta rakasiyana, rine mhepo inofefetera zvakanaka.

Kuona kubuda kwemvura uye alarm: Zvishandiso zvekuona huwandu hweammonia zvinofanira kuiswa uye zvakabatana ne emergency ventilation uye sprinkler systems.

Midziyo yekudzivirira: Mukamuri remakombiyuta, midziyo yekukurumidzira yakadai semasiki egasi, magirazi ekudzivirira uye mbatya dzekudzivirira dzinofanira kupihwa.

Vharuvhu yekuchengetedza uye yekuderedza kumanikidzwa: Midziyo yekumanikidza inofanira kunge iine mavharuvhu ekuchengetedza, uye mapaipi ekuderedza kumanikidzwa anofanira kutungamirirwa kunzvimbo yakachengeteka yekunze.

Mitemo yakaoma: Dhizaini nekuvakwa kwayo zvinofanirwa kutevedzera mitemo inosungirwa se "Cold Storage Design Code" (GB50072) uye "Construction and Acceptance Specifications for Ammonia Refrigeration System Installation" yakapihwa nehurumende.

Kushanda kwehunyanzvi: Vafambisi vebasa vanofanira kunge vaine zvitupa zvakakodzera uye vachidzidziswa kuchengetedza nguva nenguva.

Minda mikuru yekushandisa

Indasitiri yezvekudya: Kuomesa nekuisa mufiriji nyama, hove, michero nemiriwo; kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvemukaka; kubika doro.

Unyanzvi hweMakemikari neFamasi: Kutonhodza maitikiro ebasa, kuita kwekupisa kushoma, kunyungudika kwegasi.

Kutakura zvinhu nekuchengetedza: Nzvimbo huru dzekutakura zvinhu dzinotonhorera, nzvimbo dzekuchengetera zvinhu zvinotonhora zvakanyanya.

Nzvimbo dzechando nechando: nzvimbo dzekugadzira ice rink, nzvimbo yekuskiya ski.

Zvimwe: Kutonhodza mhepo yepakati (kutonhodza nzvimbo), kutsvagisa nekugadzira zvechiuto, nezvimwewo.

Maitiro Ekuvandudza

Kuderedza uye kuderedza amoniya: Nekushandisa magadzirirwo akanaka (sekushandisa maplate heat exchangers) uye nekushandisa mafiriji akaita secarbon dioxide mu cascade system, huwandu hweammonia musystem hunodzikira, zvichiita kuti ishandiswe munzvimbo dzekutengeserana dzakadai semasupamaketi nezvitoro zvekutengesa.

Kuzvigadzira uye Ungwaru: Kushandiswa zvakanyanya kwetekinoroji yePLC neIoT kuti zvionekwe zviri kure, kuongororwa kwezvikanganiso, manejimendi yekushanda zvakanaka kwesimba, uye kugadzirisa zvinofanotaurwa.

Kugadzirisa kubatanidzwa kwemasisitimu: Kukurudzira ma compressor ema screw anoshanda zvakanaka uye tekinoroji yekudzoreredza kupisa (kudzoreredza kupisa kwe condensation kuti kubudise mvura inopisa), zvichiwedzera kushanda zvakanaka kwesimba.

Mitemo yekuchengetedza iri kuramba ichivandudzika: Mitemo nemitemo zviri kuramba zvichiwedzera kuomarara, zvichitungamira kumagadzirirwo akachengeteka uye akavimbika uye mashandisirwo etekinoroji.

Pfupiso

Sisitimu yekutonhodza yeammonia ndiyo musimboti wekutonhodza kwemaindasitiri, ichipa rutsigiro kune maindasitiri akawanda anotonhodza uye epasi rose nekushandisa kwayo simba zvakanaka uye zvinhu zvisingakuvadzi nharaunda. Zvisinei, "kushanda zvakanaka uye njodzi dziripo" ndicho chinhu chinonyanya kukosha. Kuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji yemazuva ano yekutonhodza ammonia kuri kufambira mberi kune "kuchengetedzeka kukuru, hushamwari hwenharaunda, uye hungwaru hukuru", uye kunyanya ammonia/CO2 cascade system iri kuva chiyero chegoridhe chinozivikanwa muindasitiri.